Menene Welding?
Ƙarfin walda na ƙarfe yana nufin daidaitawar kayan ƙarfe zuwa tsarin waldawa, galibi yana nufin wahalar samun kayan haɗin gwiwa masu inganci a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin tsarin walda.A faɗin magana, manufar "ƙarfin walda" kuma ya haɗa da "samuwa" da "dogara".Ƙarfin walda ya dogara da halaye na kayan da yanayin tsari da aka yi amfani da su.Ƙarfin walda na kayan ƙarfe ba a tsaye yake ba amma yana haɓaka misali, ga kayan da aka yi la’akari da su ba su da ƙarfin walƙiya, tare da haɓaka kimiyya da fasaha, sabbin hanyoyin walda sun sami sauƙin walda, wato ƙarfin walda. ya zama mafi kyau.Sabili da haka, ba za mu iya barin yanayin tsari don yin magana game da ikon walda ba.
Ƙarfin walda ya haɗa da abubuwa guda biyu: ɗaya shine aikin haɗin gwiwa, wato, ƙwarewar ƙirƙirar lahani na walda a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin tsarin walda;na biyu shine aikin da ake amfani da shi, wato, daidaitawar haɗin gwiwar welded zuwa buƙatun amfani a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin tsarin walda.
Hanyoyin walda
1. Laser walda(LBW)
2. Ultrasonic waldi (USW)
3. Yaduwa walda (DFW)
4.da sauransu
1.Welding wani tsari ne na haɗuwa da kayan aiki, yawanci karafa, ta hanyar dumama saman har zuwa narkewa sannan kuma ba su damar kwantar da hankali da ƙarfafawa, sau da yawa tare da ƙari na kayan filler.Weldability na wani abu yana nufin ikon sa na walda a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na tsari, kuma ya dogara da halayen kayan da kuma tsarin walda da ake amfani da su.
2.Weldability za a iya raba kashi biyu: aikin haɗin gwiwa da aiki mai amfani.Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa yana nufin azancin samar da lahani na walda a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin tsarin walda, yayin da aikin aiki yana nufin daidaitawa na haɗin gwiwar walda zuwa buƙatun amfani a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin tsarin walda.
3.There akwai daban-daban walda hanyoyin, ciki har da Laser waldi (LBW), ultrasonic waldi (USW), da kuma yada waldi (DFW), da sauransu.Zaɓin hanyar waldawa ya dogara da kayan da aka haɗa, kauri na kayan, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da ake buƙata, da sauran dalilai.
Menene Laser Welding?
Laser walda, kuma aka sani da Laser katako waldi ("LBW"), wata dabara ce a masana'antu ta yadda biyu ko fiye na abu (yawanci karfe) aka hade tare ta amfani da Laser katako.
Hanya ce mara tuntuɓar sadarwa wacce ke buƙatar samun dama ga yankin walda daga gefe ɗaya na sassan da ake waldawa.
Zafin da Laser ya kirkira yana narkar da kayan a bangarorin biyu na haɗin gwiwa, kuma yayin da narkakkar kayan ke haɗuwa da haɓakawa, yana haɗa sassan.
An kafa walda ne yayin da tsananin hasken Laser yana daɗa zafi da kayan cikin sauri - yawanci ana ƙididdige shi cikin millise seconds.
Hasken Laser haske ne mai daidaituwa (lokaci-lokaci ɗaya) na tsawon zango ɗaya (monochromatic).Laser katako yana da ƙananan bambance-bambancen katako da kuma babban abun ciki na makamashi wanda zai haifar da zafi lokacin da ya bugi saman
Kamar kowane nau'i na walda, cikakkun bayanai suna da mahimmanci lokacin amfani da LBW.Kuna iya amfani da laser daban-daban da matakai daban-daban na LBW, kuma akwai lokutan da walƙiya laser ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ba.
Laser Welding
Akwai nau'ikan walda na laser guda 3:
1.Conduction yanayin
2.Gudanarwa / yanayin shiga
3.Cikin shiga ko yanayin maɓalli
Irin waɗannan nau'ikan walda na Laser an haɗa su ta hanyar adadin kuzarin da ake bayarwa ga ƙarfe.Yi la'akari da waɗannan a matsayin ƙananan, matsakaici, da matakan makamashi masu yawa na makamashin Laser.
Yanayin Gudanarwa
Yanayin gudanarwa yana ba da ƙarancin ƙarfin laser zuwa ƙarfe, yana haifar da ƙarancin shigar ciki tare da weld mara zurfi.
Yana da kyau ga gidajen abinci waɗanda ba sa buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi kamar yadda sakamakon shine nau'in ci gaba da walda tabo.Welds na gudanarwa suna da santsi kuma suna da daɗi, kuma yawanci sun fi faɗin zurfi.
Akwai nau'ikan yanayin gudanarwa guda biyu LBW:
1.Direct dumama:Ana ɗorawa saman ɓangaren wuta kai tsaye ta hanyar laser.Ana gudanar da zafi a cikin karfen, kuma sassan karfen tushe na narkewa, yana sanya haɗin gwiwa lokacin da karfe ya sake daidaitawa.
2.Energy Transmission: An fara sanya tawada mai sha na musamman a mahaɗin haɗin gwiwa.Wannan tawada yana ɗaukar makamashin Laser kuma yana haifar da zafi.Ƙarfen ɗin da ke ƙasa sai ya gudanar da zafi zuwa wani sirara mai laushi, wanda ya narke, kuma ya sake daidaitawa don samar da haɗin gwiwa.
Yanayin Gudanarwa/Cikin Shiga
Wasu ƙila ba za su yarda da wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ba.Suna jin akwai nau'i biyu kawai;ka ko dai gudanar da zafi a cikin karfe ko vaporize wani karamin karfe tashar, kyale Laser sauka a cikin karfe.
Amma yanayin tafiyarwa/shigarwa yana amfani da kuzarin “matsakaici” kuma yana haifar da ƙarin shiga.Amma Laser ba shi da ƙarfin isa ya vaporize karfe kamar a cikin keyhole yanayin.
Shiga Ko Yanayin Maɓalli
Wannan yanayin yana haifar da zurfi, kunkuntar waldi.Don haka, wasu suna kiransa yanayin shiga.Welds ɗin da aka yi galibi sun yi zurfi fiye da faɗi kuma sun fi ƙarfi fiye da yanayin walƙiya.
Tare da irin wannan nau'in walda na LBW, laser mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana vaporizes karfen tushe, yana haifar da kunkuntar rami wanda aka sani da "ramin maɓalli" wanda ya shimfiɗa zuwa cikin haɗin gwiwa.Wannan "rami" yana ba da magudanar ruwa don laser don shiga zurfin cikin karfe.
Dace Karfe Don LBW
Laser walda yana aiki da ƙarfe da yawa, kamar:
- Karfe Karfe
- Aluminum
- Titanium
- Low gami da bakin karfe
- Nickel
- Platinum
- Molybdenum
Ultrasonic waldi
Ultrasonic waldi (USW) shine haɗawa ko sake fasalin thermoplastics ta hanyar amfani da zafi da aka haifar daga motsi na inji mai tsayi.Ana cim ma ta ta hanyar jujjuya ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai girma zuwa motsi na inji mai ƙarfi.Wannan motsi na inji, tare da amfani da karfi, yana haifar da zafi mai zafi a saman abubuwan haɗin roba (yankin haɗin gwiwa) don haka kayan filastik ya narke kuma ya samar da haɗin kwayoyin halitta tsakanin sassan.
BASIC KA'IDAR ULTRASONIC welding
1.Parts in Fixture: Ana sanya sassan thermoplastic guda biyu da za a haɗa su tare, ɗaya a saman ɗayan, a cikin gida mai tallafi da ake kira fixture.
2.Ultrasonic Horn Contact: Wani bangaren titanium ko aluminum da ake kira kaho ana kawo shi tare da sashin filastik na sama.
3.Force Applied: An yi amfani da karfi mai sarrafawa ko matsa lamba a kan sassan, tare da su tare da daidaitawa.
4.Weld Time: Ana girgiza ƙaho na ultrasonic a tsaye 20,000 (20 kHz) ko 40,000 (40 kHz) sau a sakan daya, a nisan da aka auna cikin dubunnan inch (microns), don ƙayyadaddun adadin lokacin da ake kira lokacin weld.Ta hanyar ƙirar sashe a hankali, wannan ƙarfin injin girgiza ana karkata shi zuwa iyakataccen wuraren hulɗa tsakanin sassan biyu.Ana watsa girgizar injin ta hanyar kayan thermoplastic zuwa haɗin haɗin gwiwa don ƙirƙirar zafi mai zafi.Lokacin da zafin jiki a haɗin haɗin gwiwa ya isa wurin narkewa, filastik yana narkewa kuma yana gudana, kuma ana dakatar da girgiza.Wannan yana ba da damar robobin da aka narke don fara sanyaya.
5.Hold Time: The clamping force ana kiyaye shi don ƙayyadaddun adadin lokaci don ba da damar sassa don haɗawa yayin da filastik mai narkewa ya kwantar da ƙarfi.Ana kiran wannan da lokacin riƙewa.(Lura: Ana iya samun ingantaccen ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da haɓakawa ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙarfi mafi girma yayin lokacin riƙewa. Ana yin wannan ta amfani da matsa lamba biyu).
6.Horn Retracts: Da zarar filastik narke ya ƙarfafa, an cire ƙarfin matsawa kuma an cire ƙaho na ultrasonic.Yanzu an haɗa sassan filastik guda biyu kamar an ƙera su tare kuma an cire su daga kayan aiki azaman sashi ɗaya.
Yada Welding, DFW
Haɗuwa da tsari ta zafi da matsa lamba inda wuraren hulɗar ke haɗuwa ta hanyar yaduwar kwayoyin halitta.
Tsarin
Ana sanya sassan aiki guda biyu [1] a wurare daban-daban tsakanin latsa biyu [2].Matsakaicin na musamman ne ga kowane haɗuwa na kayan aikin, tare da sakamakon cewa ana buƙatar sabon ƙira idan ƙirar samfur ta canza.
Zafin da ya yi daidai da kusan kashi 50-70% na kayan narkewa ana ba da shi ga tsarin, yana haɓaka motsin atom ɗin kayan biyu.
Daga nan ana danna matsewar tare, wanda hakan zai sa atom ɗin su fara yaduwa tsakanin kayan a wurin da ake tuntuɓar su [3].Yaduwar yana faruwa ne saboda kayan aikin suna da yawa daban-daban, yayin da zafi da matsa lamba kawai suna sauƙaƙe tsarin.Don haka ana amfani da matsin lamba don samun kusancin abubuwan da ke tuntuɓar filaye kamar yadda zai yiwu ta yadda zarra su iya yaɗuwa cikin sauƙi.Lokacin da adadin da ake so na atom ya bazu, ana cire zafi da matsa lamba kuma an kammala aikin haɗin gwiwa.
